An investigation into the mechanism of mucoadhesion core. However, mucus retards the adhesion of molecules and can therefore interfere with the oral delivery of nutrients and medications. Ha eye drops available on the market have a concentration ranging 0. Recent advances in the mucusinteracting approach for. The mucoadhesion mechanism of gmo is unspecific since it is supposed to be based on mucus dehydration. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic force microscopy and mucinparticle method pornsak sriamornsaka,b, nathaya wattanakorna,b, hirofumi takeuchic a department of pharmaceutical technology, faculty of pharmacy, silpakorn university, nakhon pathom 73000, thailand. Topically administered ocular drug delivery systems typically face severe bioavailability challenges because of the natural protective mechanisms of eyes. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. In the last years, the advent of nanotechnology resulted in new opportunities to the mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesion theories and mechanisms there are several general theories that can explain mucoadhesion such as electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fraction. Several in vitro and in vivo methodologies are proposed for studying its mechanisms.
The result of this critique will assist researchers to screen the. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic force microscopy and mucinparticle method pornsak sriamornsaka,b, nathaya wattanakorna,b, hirofumi takeuchic a department of pharmaceutical technology, faculty of pharmacy, silpakorn university, nakhon pathom 73000, thailand bpharmaceutical biopolymer group pbig, faculty of pharmacy, silpakorn university, nakhon pathom 73000, thailand. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the. They are commonly stated as a unification of i a normal cell to a further normal. In the presence of the mucus layer, however, this permeation.
The patches were evaluated for their physical characteristics like mass variation, drug content uniformity, folding endurance, ex vivo mucoadhesion strength, ex vivo mucoadhesion time, surface ph, in vitro. The mechanisms of interactions between polymers and mucus. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic force. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. The relative importance of each stage will depend on the individual application. The exact mechanism of mucoadhesion is not known but an accepted theory states that a close. Prabhakar a a school of pharmacy and technology management, svkm s nmims university. Mechanism responsible for mucoadhesion of mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The scientists favours to split the mucoadhesive process into consecutive steps, each individual theory is associated to a different mucoadhesive mechanism,14. If adhesive attachment is to a mucus coat, the phenomenon is referred to as mucoadhesion. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive chitosan microspheres of amlodipine besylate for nasal administration s. Pharmaceutical aspects of mucoadhesion have been the subject of great interest during recent years because mucoadhesion could be a solution for bioavailability problems that result from a too short length of stay of the pharmaceutical dosage form at the absorption site.
Review on mucoadhesive drug delivery system with special. Mucoadhesion mechanism of chitosan and thiolated chitosanpoly isobutyl cyanoacrylate coreshell nanoparticles. But none of these theories alone can explain the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesive polymers can be classified as nonspecific first generation polymers and novel second generation polymers based on the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Specific processes include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration, adsorption. Mechanism responsible for mucoadhesion of mucoadhesive drug. Jagadeeshwar reddy1, maimuna anjum1 and mohammed asif hussain1 blue birds college of pharmacy, bheemaram v, hanamkonda 506015, andhra pradesh, india. The mechanism by which mucoadhesion takes place has been said to have two stages, the contact wetting stage followed by the consolidation stage the establishment of the adhesive interactions. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive. Mucoadhesive multiparticulate drug delivery systems.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems pubmed central pmc. This overview about the mucoadhesive dosage forms might be a useful tool for the efficient design of novel mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. Smart school of pharmacy and biomolecular sciences, university of brighton, lewes road, brighton bn2 4gj, uk received 30 july 2004. Till today, six theories have been proposed which can improve our understanding for the phenomena of adhesion and can also be extended to explain the mechanism. Ha has been used with success in treating patients with severe ded.
Mechanism of mucoadhesion mucoadhesion is a complex process involving wetting, adsorption and interpenetration of polymer chains. Mucoadhesion should not be confused with bioadhesion in bioadhesion, the polymer is attached to the biological. Wetting theory applicable for liquids or low viscosity mucoadhesion systems. Mucoadhesive dosage forms may be designed to enable. Mucoadhesion of progesteroneloaded drug delivery nanofiber. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. To understand the roles of the carboxyl groups in mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been. Importantly, the underlying mechanism of mucoadhesion is not completely clear and may result from a combination of these theories smart, 2005. Several theories have been proposed to explain the fundamental mechanism of adhesion18. In considering the mechanism of mucoadhesion, a whole range dscenariost for invivo mucoadhesive bond formation are possible fig.
These include dry or partially hydrated dosage forms contacting surfaces with substantial mucus layers typically particulates administered into the nasal cavity. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems in the oral cavity. The various advantages associated with these systems made buccal drug. Mechanism of mucoadhesion mucoadhesion mechanism of is mainly divided in two steps. Mucoadhesion due its relative complexity, it is likely that the process of mucoadhesion cannot be described by just one of these theories. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into. Since the early 1980s the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. Development of keratin nanoparticles for controlled. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion. Abstract bioadhesion can be defined as a phenomenon of interfacial molecular. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved12. Acaaddemmiicc s ccii eenncess international journal of. Mechanism of mucoadhesion usually four categories of bioadhesion have been notable within the biological process.
Since the early 1980,the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion the mechanism of adhesion of certain macromolecules to the surface of a mucous tissue is not well understood yet. Theories of mucoadhesion the phenomena of bioadhesion occur by a complex mechanism. Pdf mucoadhesion mechanism of chitosan and thiolated. Preliminary studies, using acrylic hydrogels, have established that the density of carboxyl groups on the polymer chain is important for mucoadhesion.
The mucus layer and its interactions with oral drug. Diff erent theories have been described by the research to explain the mechanism of mucoadhesion. It has been proposed that mucoadhesives which adhere to the gastric mucus layer may be used to prolong gastric retention time of oral dosage forms. Lee, park, robinson, 2000 had described the mechanism of mucoadhesion in four different approaches. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have applications from different angles, including development of novel mucoadhesives, design of the device, mechanisms of mucoadhesion and permeation enhancement. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories. Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer. Typical examples of this type of mucoadhesive are carbomers, chitosan, alginates and the cellulose derivatives. Schematic diagram depicting mechanism of mucoadhesion is demonstrated in figure 1 andrews et al. Mdds utilizes the property of bioahesion of certain watersoluble polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for.
The mechanism of adhesion of certain macro molecules to the surface of a. Design of mucoadhesive plga microparticles for ocular drug. Volume 57, issue 11, 3 november 2005, pages 15561568. Theories of mucoadhesion mucoadhesive materials and drug. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system 173025, india have used 1. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. The biological surface can be epithelial tissue or the mucus coat on the surface of a tissue. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucus membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer. Mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon which involves wetting, adsorption, and interpenetration of polymer chains. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion of polyacrylic acid hydrogels. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Pdf mucoadhesive drug delivery systems researchgate. The mechanisms behind mucoadhesion have not yet been fully elucidated, but a generally accepted theory is that close contact must first be established between the mucoadhesive agent and the mucus. The mechanism underlying this permeation enhancing effect seems to be based on the positive charges of the polymer which interact with the cell membrane resulting in a structural reorganization of tight junctionassociated proteins 28.
There are six general theories of adhesion that have been adapted for the investigation of mucoadhesion. The mucoadhesive process is a blend of these theories. The gi tract is coated with a thick aqueous layer of mucus. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system authorstream presentation. Study on the mucoadhesion mechanism of pectin by atomic. To understand the roles of the carboxyl groups in mucoadhesion, acrylic acidaerylamide. Mechanism of mucoadhesion generally divided into two stepsacontact stage bconsolidation stage first is characterized by the contact. To explain the mucoadhesion mechanism, several possible theories namely electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory, diffusion theory, fraction theory and mechanical theory have been proposed. This has been of interest in the pharmaceutical sciences in order to enhance localised drug delivery, or to deliver difficult molecules proteins and oligonucleotides into the systemic circulation. Bioadhesion is the mechanism by which two biological materials are held together by interfacial forces. For drug delivery purposes, the term bioadhesion implies attachment of a drug carrier system to a specified biological location. Various theories of adhesion have been suggested, but none has still.
Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mucoadhesion can be defined as an interfacial phenomenon in which the two materials, in which one may be artificial such as mucoadhesive polymer and other may be the mucin layer of the mucosal tissue, are held together by means of interfacial forces of attraction. When relating this mechanism to the pharmaceutical sciences, mucoadhesion describes the attractive. Mucus mucus is a translucent and viscid which forms a thin, continuous gel blanket adherent to the epithelial surface. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive. Several theories purposed the mechanism of mucoadhesion by the interaction of polymer and mucus. Mucoadhesion is where two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane, adhere to each other. Mucoadhesion mechanism mucinparticle method atomic force microscopy adsorption abstract atomic force microscopy afm has been used to probe the interaction between porcine stomach mucin and a mucoadhesive. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion pdf. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesionb john d. A complete understanding of how and why certain macromolecules attach to a mucus surface is not yet available, but a few steps involved in the process are generally accepted, at least for solid systems. Useful in vitro techniques to evaluate the mucoadhesive. Over the past few decades, mucosal drug delivery has received a great deal of attention. Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mucoadhesion can be defined as an interfacial phenomenon in which the two materials, in which one may be artificial such as mucoadhesive polymer and other may be the. An intimate contact wetting occurs between the mucoadhesive.
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